Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Lysozyme (512)

DNA

Myoglobin

Hemoglobin

Induced Lac Repressor

Myoglobin Fold

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Myohemerythrin

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

Carboxypeptidase A

Oxyhemoglobin

Collagen

Crambin

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Cytochrome c

Ribonuclease S

Trypsin

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Deoxyhemoglobin

Lac Repressor

Lysozyme (488)

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Hemoglobin (1000)

Hemoglobin S

Z-DNA

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

B-DNA

A-DNA

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Poliovirus Neutralization

Kinetochore

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Biosites: Muscle

HIV in Blood Plasma

Escherichia coli

Ebola Virus

Coronavirus

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Biosites: Basement Membrane

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Insulin Action

Autophagy

Biosites: Nucleus

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Chloroplast

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Influenza Vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Immunological Synapse

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

RecA and DNA

CytoSkeleton

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Zika Virus

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Lipid Droplets

Influenza Virus

HIV Vaccine

Insulin Release

Cellulose Synthase

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Abiogenesis

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Myelin

Blood

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Mycoplasma mycoides

Measles Virus Proteins

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

HIV-Infected Cell

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Respiratory Droplet