Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Lysozyme (512)

Carboxypeptidase A

A-DNA

Oxyhemoglobin

Lac Repressor

Hemoglobin S

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Myoglobin

Crambin

Trypsin

Collagen

Ribonuclease S

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Myoglobin Fold

Z-DNA

Hemoglobin

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Induced Lac Repressor

B-DNA

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

DNA

Lysozyme (488)

Cytochrome c

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Myohemerythrin

Deoxyhemoglobin

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Hemoglobin (1000)

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Insulin Action

Influenza Virus

Insulin Release

RecA and DNA

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Influenza Vaccine

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Cellulose Synthase

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Coronavirus Life Cycle

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Biosites: Nucleus

Measles Virus Proteins

Lipid Droplets

Abiogenesis

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Myelin

Coronavirus

Respiratory Droplet

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Blood

Mycoplasma mycoides

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Autophagy

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Poliovirus Neutralization

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Chloroplast

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Ebola Virus

Immunological Synapse

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Biosites: Cytoplasm

HIV in Blood Plasma

Biosites: Muscle

CytoSkeleton

Last Universal Common Ancestor

HIV Vaccine

HIV-Infected Cell

Escherichia coli

Zika Virus

Kinetochore